End-of-life orders, resource utilization and costs among injured older adults requiring emergency services. Lin AL, Newgard C, Caughey AB, Malveau S, Dotson A, Eckstrom E. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Sep 10:glaa230. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa230. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32914190

Elderly patients presenting to a Level I trauma center with Physician Orders for a Life-Sustaining Treatment form: A propensity-matched analysis. Ballou JH, Dewey EN, Zonies DH.J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 July 1. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002321.

Injured Older Adults Transported by Emergency Medical Services: One Year Outcomes by POLST Status. Zive D, Newgard CD, Lin A, Caughey AB, Malveau S, Eckstrom E.Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019 May 29. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1615154.

The Association of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment With Intensity of Treatment Among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department. Vranas KC, Lin AL, Zive D, Tolle SW, Halpern SD, Slatore CG, et al. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 June 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.05.008. 

POLST Registration and Associated Outcomes Among Veterans With Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer. Nugent SM, Slatore CG, Ganzini L, Golden SE, Zive D, Vranas KC, Sullivan D. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2019 Jan 30. doi: 10.1177/1049909118824543.

It is Time to Remove Feeding Tubes From POLST Forms. Tolle SW, Jimenez VM, Eckstrom E. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Mar;67(3):626-628. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15775. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Response to Tark et al.: Variations in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Program across the Nation: Environmental Scan. Valerie M. Jimenez, Abby L. Dotson, and Susan W. Tolle. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2019 Apr 22. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2019.0181 [Epub ahead of print]

Response to Rossfeld: Unadvanced Care Planning: A Palliative Play in One Act. Abby L. Dotson, Valerie M. Jimenez, and Susan W. Tolle. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2019 Feb 1. http://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0586 [Epub ahead of print]

Changes Over Time in the Oregon Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Registry: A Study of Two Decedent Cohorts. Dana M. Zive, Valerie M. Jimenez, Erik K. Fromme, and Susan W. Tolle. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2018 Nov 21. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0446

The Quality of POLST Completion to Guide Treatment: A 2-State Study. Moss AH, Zive DM, Falkenstine EC, Dunithan C. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Jun 28. pii: S1525-8610(17)30294-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.015.

The Oncology Specialist’s Role in POLST Form Completion. Lammers AJ, Zive DM, Tolle SW, Fromme EK. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2017 Jan 1:1049909117702873. doi: 10.1177/1049909117702873.

The Role of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in the Completion of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Hayes SA, Zive D, Ferrell B, Tolle SW. J Palliat Med. 2017 Apr;20(4):415-419. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0228. Epub 2016 Oct 21.

Implementation of a Novel Electronic Health Record-Embedded Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment System. Zive DM, Cook J, Yang C, Sibell D, Tolle SW, Lieberman M.
J Med Syst. 2016 Nov;40(11):245. Epub 2016 Oct 1.

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Medical Intervention Orders and In-Hospital Death Rates: Comparable Patterns in Two State Registries. Moss, A. H., Zive, D. M., Falkenstine, E. C., Fromme, E. K. and Tolle, S. W. (2016). J Am Geriatr Soc.

Life-sustaining treatment orders, location of death and co-morbid conditions in decedents with Parkinson’s disease. Tuck KK, Zive DM, Schmidt TA, Carter J, Nutt J, Fromme EK.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Oct;21(10):1205-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.021. Epub 2015 Aug 21.

Timing of POLST Form Completion by Cause of Death. Dana M. Zive, Erik K. Fromme, Terri A. Schmidt, Jennifer N.B. Cook, Susan W. Tolle, Timing of POLST Form Completion by Cause of Death, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Available online 7 July 2015, ISSN 0885-3924, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.06.004. 

Association Between Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment for Scope of Treatment and In-Hospital Death in Oregon. Fromme, E. K., Zive, D., Schmidt, T. A., Cook, J. N. B. and Tolle, S. W. (2014), Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12889.

In Response to Letter to the Editor Terri A. Schmidt, Elizabeth A. (Olszewski) Hunt, Dana Zive, Erik K. Fromme, Susan W. Tolle, In Response to Letter to the Editor, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, ISSN 0736-4679, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.07.057.

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST): Lessons learned from analysis of the Oregon POLST Registry Schmidt T, Zive D, Fromme E, Cook J, Tolle S., Resuscitation, Available online 6 January 2014,ISSN 0300-9572, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.11.027. 

Concordance of Out – of – Hospital and Emergency Department Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation With Documented End – of – Life Choices in Oregon Richardson DK, Fromme E, Zive D, Fu R, Newgard CD.Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Nov 6.pii: S0196-0644(13)01345-0. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.09.00.

The Oregon POLST Registry: A Preliminary Study of Emergency Medical Services Utilization Terri A. Schmidt, Elizabeth A. Olszewski, Dana Zive, Erik K. Fromme, Susan W. Tolle, The Oregon Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Registry: A Preliminary Study of Emergency Medical Services Utilization, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 44, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 796-805, ISSN 0736-4679, 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.07.081.

Validation of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment: Electronic Registry to Guide Emergency Care Olszewski, Newgard C, Zive D, Schmidt TA, McConnell KJ. Validation of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment: Electronic Registry to Guide Emergency Care J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jul; 60(7):1384-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04027.x.

POLST Registry Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Other Patient Treatment Preferences Fromme EK, Zive D, Schmidt TA, Olszewski E, Tolle SW. POLST Registry Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Other Patient Treatment Preferences. JAMA. 2012;307(1):34-35. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1956.

Other Publications

Oregon POLST Registry Fact Sheet Fast facts about the Registry’s implementation and function.

The Oregon POLST Registry A Tool For Everyone A brief article about OPR published in the Spring edition of Medicine in Oregon and written by Jenny Cook, GCPH.

Pathways to POLST Registry Development Utilization of health information technology to enhance availability of medical records and other information has increased dramatically in recent years. This is also true for advance care planning documents, especially POLST forms. Many states have developed or are considering the development of POLST registries or other electronic solutions for document completion, storage, and access for health care professionals. This report serves as an attempt to summarize the varied pathways of POLST registry development in seven states with endorsed POLST Paradigm programs.

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